Cannabis, Medical Marijuana & You
Commonly asked Questions about Cannabis, Terpenes and steps to obtain a Medical Marijuana Authorization.
Quick Access
Interested in obtaining a Medical Cannabis Card?
AUTHORIZATION PROCESSING TIMES: MON-FRI 9:00AM – 3:00PM SAT/SUN: NOT PROCESSING
STEP 1
OBTAIN A MEDICAL CANNABIS REGISTRATION FROM YOUR REGULAR DR. OR CLINIC (LISTED BELOW)
STEP 2
MAKE AN APPT. BY CALLING H.E.M.P OR BY COMING IN DURING MEDICAL HOURS (POSTED)
STEP 3
OBTAIN A PHOTO ID MEDICAL CANNABIS CARD SAME DAY. THIS AUTHORIZES A PATIENT AND/OR PROVIDER FOR MEDICAL BENEFITS
Clinics & Practitioners For Medical Cannabis Authorization
Red Fern Health
Location: East Vancouver
Address: 5300 MacArthur Blvd Suite 102H, Vancouver, WA 98661
Phone: (360)241-2439
Green Wellness
Location: West Vancouver
Address: 7017 Ne Hwy 99 Ste 210 Suite A, Vancouver, WA 98665
Phone: (888)885-9949
Revive Natural Healing
Location: Central Vancouver
Address: 237 Chkalov Dr, Vancouver, WA 98684
Phone: (971)803-2364
What are Terpenes?
Terpenes are aromatic compounds produced by a wide variety of plants, particularly abundant in cannabis. They’re part of the plant’s essential oils, serving as a natural defense mechanism against pests and environmental stressors while attracting pollinators. In cannabis, terpenes are produced in the resin glands, or trichomes, alongside cannabinoids like THC and CBD. There are over 100 terpenes identified in cannabis alone, each contributing to the plant’s aromatic and therapeutic profile.
From a molecular perspective, terpenes are hydrocarbons that vary in structure and complexity. The simplest terpenes, such as monoterpenes, contain two isoprene units, while more complex sesquiterpenes contain three. This variability in structure leads to a wide range of aromatic profiles, from citrus and pine to earthy and floral.
COMMONLY FOUND TERPENES
Myrcene
Aroma: Earth, Woody + Herbacious
Probable Effects: Relaxing, Sleepy + Analgesic
Overview: Myrcene, found in cannabis, mangoes, and hops, is like the conductor of an orchestra, influencing the effects of various compounds in the body. It gives cannabis its musky smell and can make you feel relaxed or sleepy. Think of it as a helper that makes other beneficial substances in cannabis, like CBD and THC, work better. Some studies suggest it might help with pain and inflammation too. So, next time you catch a whiff of that earthy scent in your bud, thank myrcene for potentially enhancing your relaxation and well-being.
Pinene
Aroma: Pine Trees, Grass, Foresty
Probable Effects: Anti-Inflamatory + Anti-microbial
Overview:Pinene is a natural compound found in plants, especially coniferous trees like pine. It’s what gives pine trees their distinct smell. In simple terms, pinene is like the essential oil of pine trees. It has a fresh, pine-like aroma and is used in many products like air fresheners, cleaning agents, and even in some medicines. People also believe it has health benefits, like improving focus and reducing inflammation, but more research is needed to confirm these claims. Overall, pinene is a cool substance that makes the world smell like a pine forest!
Caryophyllene
Aroma: Pepper + Spices
Probable Effects: Sleepy, Analgesic + Muscle Relief
Overview:Caryophyllene is a spicy compound found in cannabis that gives it its distinct aroma and taste. It’s like adding a dash of pepper to your favorite dish! But besides making your cannabis smell and taste great, caryophyllene might also help with things like relieving stress and easing discomfort. So, not only does it make your weed smell and taste awesome, but it might also make you feel pretty good too! Explore our range of caryophyllene-rich products to experience the full flavor and potential benefits for yourself.
The Entourage Effect
One of the unique aspects of terpenes in cannabis is their ability to influence the effects of cannabinoids through what is known as the “entourage effect.” This theory suggests that the full spectrum of compounds in cannabis, including terpenes, cannabinoids, and flavonoids, work synergistically to enhance each other’s effects. For example, a strain high in both myrcene and THC might produce a more sedative effect, while a strain with limonene and CBD could have uplifting, anti-anxiety benefits.
The entourage effect has led many users to select cannabis based on terpene profiles rather than solely on THC or CBD content. This concept emphasizes that the combination of terpenes and cannabinoids can produce a more balanced and tailored experience, aligning with personal wellness goals.
Terpenes and You
The therapeutic potential of terpenes is a growing area of research, with studies highlighting several health benefits:
- Anti-Inflammatory: Terpenes like caryophyllene and myrcene have shown anti-inflammatory properties, potentially beneficial for conditions such as arthritis and chronic pain.
- Anti-Anxiety and Stress Relief: Terpenes such as limonene and linalool have been studied for their anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects, offering natural support for stress relief.
- Pain Relief: Terpenes like myrcene and linalool may provide analgesic effects, aiding in pain management without the need for high THC levels.
- Neuroprotective Properties: Some terpenes, including pinene, may have neuroprotective benefits, helping protect against neurodegenerative diseases.
THC vs THC-A in Cannabis
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) are essential cannabinoids in cannabis, each offering unique benefits. In its raw form, cannabis contains high levels of THCA, a non-psychoactive compound. When exposed to heat through smoking, vaping, or cooking, THCA converts to THC, a process known as decarboxylation. This transformation activates THC’s psychoactive properties, creating the “high” that cannabis users seek. Understanding the distinctions between THC and THCA can be helpful for consumers making informed choices at a dispensary, as each has distinct effects and benefits.
THC directly interacts with CB1 receptors in the brain, part of the endocannabinoid system, producing effects like euphoria, relaxation, and heightened sensory perception. These characteristics make THC a popular choice at dispensaries for recreational use and therapeutic purposes. Many patients visiting cannabis dispensaries find relief with THC products for conditions such as chronic pain, nausea, and appetite loss, especially those undergoing treatments like chemotherapy.
In contrast, THCA doesn’t bind to CB1 receptors, which means it won’t produce a high. However, THCA has shown potential anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-nausea effects. For individuals interested in the medicinal aspects of cannabis without psychoactivity, THCA may be a valuable option. Many dispensaries now offer raw cannabis products, high in THCA, as part of their medicinal cannabis selections.
Whether looking for the psychoactive effects of THC or the therapeutic properties of THCA, understanding these cannabinoids can help cannabis consumers make informed decisions at a dispensary.
CBD (Cannabidiol)
CBD is one of the most well-known cannabinoids, valued for its non-intoxicating nature and broad potential applications. While it doesn’t bind strongly to CB1 or CB2 receptors, CBD interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system in ways that may help support various wellness goals. Research suggests CBD may have anti-inflammatory and calming effects, which could be beneficial for discomfort, anxiety, and general wellness. However, while CBD is available in a wide range of forms at dispensaries, its effects can vary, and we encourage consulting with a healthcare professional before use to understand if it may suit your needs.
CBG (Cannabigerol)
CBG, often referred to as the “mother” cannabinoid, serves as a precursor to other cannabinoids, including THC and CBD. Although it’s found in smaller amounts in most cannabis strains, CBG is gaining attention for its potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and appetite-stimulating qualities. Early studies are exploring CBG’s possible effects on various conditions, such as digestive support, but individual experiences can differ. Many dispensaries offer CBG-rich options, though we advise speaking with a professional before using CBG to better understand how it might fit into your wellness routine.
CBN (Cannabinol)
CBN is formed when THC ages, resulting in a cannabinoid associated with relaxation and restfulness, without causing a significant high. Known for its sedative properties, CBN has become popular in products marketed for sleep support. While some users find it beneficial for relaxation, it’s important to note that experiences can vary widely, and we cannot guarantee specific effects. If you’re considering CBN for sleep or relaxation, consulting a healthcare provider can provide additional guidance.
CBC (Cannabichromene)
CBC is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis plants known for its potential therapeutic benefits. Unlike THC, CBC doesn’t cause a “high.” Instead, it interacts with receptors in the body’s endocannabinoid system to influence pain, mood, inflammation, and brain health. Research suggests CBC may support neurogenesis, the growth of new brain cells, and help reduce pain and inflammation. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant properties are being studied for applications in chronic pain, mental health, and skin health.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a vital network in the human body responsible for maintaining balance, or homeostasis, across various functions. It includes receptors (CB1 and CB2), endocannabinoids (natural compounds similar to cannabis), and enzymes that regulate these compounds. Found throughout the brain, immune system, and organs, the ECS influences stress, mood, appetite, memory, pain, and immune response.
How Cannabinoids Interact With Receptors
Cannabinoids & Receptors
Cannabinoids interact with the nervous system by binding to receptors on both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons. Endocannabinoids, produced naturally in the body, are released by post-synaptic neurons in response to specific signals and travel back to pre-synaptic neurons.
Here, they bind to cannabinoid receptors (like CB1), regulating neurotransmitter release and reducing the likelihood of overactivity.This feedback loop helps modulate processes such as pain, mood, and stress. External cannabinoids, such as those from cannabis, can also bind to these receptors, mimicking the effects of endocannabinoids and influencing similar functions, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for various conditions.
Concentrates and Extraction Methods
Shatter & Crumble
Shatter is a translucent, glass-like concentrate that’s known for its hard, brittle texture. It gets its name from the way it breaks or “shatters” when handled, and it’s often stored in a cool environment to prevent it from softening or melting. Shatter is prized for its high cannabinoid content, delivering a smooth experience with a clean, sometimes milder flavor profile.
Crumble is a dry, crumbly concentrate that easily breaks apart. Its texture is less sticky than wax, which makes it user-friendly and convenient for handling. Crumble can be sprinkled over flower or used on its own, delivering a bold flavor profile thanks to its high terpene levels. It’s lightweight and stable, making it a favorite for those who want a portable, less sticky option.
WAX & Badder
Wax has a soft, sticky, and pliable texture that’s similar to candle wax. Its darker, opaque appearance comes from its higher terpene retention, which also results in a rich, aromatic flavor. Wax is easier to handle than shatter and has a balanced consistency, making it ideal for dabbing enthusiasts who appreciate both potency and flavor.
Badder (or Budder) has a smooth, creamy consistency that resembles frosting, which makes it easy to scoop and apply. This whipped texture, achieved during the extraction process, distributes terpenes evenly, resulting in a flavorful experience. Badder’s light, fluffy structure makes it a go-to choice for those who enjoy highly aromatic, terpene-rich concentrates with a potent effect.
Diamonds & Sauce
Diamonds are pure crystalline THCA, sometimes paired with terp sauce to balance flavor and potency. These solid, gem-like structures offer a strong, highly potent experience favored by seasoned users. With a crystalline appearance and exceptional THC content, diamonds are ideal for those seeking an intense effect; combined with terp sauce, they provide an enhanced flavor experience as well.
Sauce is characterized by a mix of thick, terpene-rich liquid and crystalline THCA (or CBDA), resulting in a viscous texture that can be poured or spooned. This type of concentrate is incredibly aromatic, boasting intense flavors due to its high terpene content. Sauce is often made from fresh-frozen cannabis, which preserves the plant’s natural flavors and aromas.
Kief
Kief is the simplest and most accessible form of cannabis concentrate. It’s made by collecting the resinous trichomes that naturally fall off the cannabis flower when it’s ground, sifted, or agitated. These trichomes contain high levels of cannabinoids (like THC or CBD) and terpenes, offering potent effects and a robust flavor profile. Kief appears as a powdery substance, ranging from light green to golden in color, depending on the strain.
Kief is often collected in grinders with mesh screens that catch the finer trichomes in a compartment below. It can be sprinkled over flower to enhance potency, added to joints, or pressed into other concentrates like hash or rosin.
Hash
Hash (or hashish) is a slightly more refined form of kief, made by pressing or heating trichomes together to form a solid, compacted concentrate. Traditional hash-making methods involve applying pressure and sometimes gentle heat to kief, which binds the resinous trichomes together and creates a dense, pliable product. Hash can vary widely in texture, ranging from a crumbly, sand-like consistency to a softer, clay-like form, depending on the production method and strain used.
There are different types of hash, each with unique production methods. Dry-sift hash is made by collecting kief and pressing it into hash without adding heat, resulting in a crumbly consistency. Bubble hash, on the other hand, is made using ice water extraction to separate trichomes from the plant material.
Exploring Extraction Methods in Concentrate Production
Cannabis wax and concentrates have gained popularity for their high potency and diverse therapeutic benefits. But what’s behind these powerful products? The answer lies in the extraction methods that isolate cannabinoids, terpenes, and other beneficial compounds. Each method has its pros, cons, and unique properties, allowing consumers to enjoy various textures, potencies, and flavors. Here, we’ll dive into the main extraction methods used in creating cannabis wax and concentrates: butane extraction, CO₂ extraction, ethanol extraction, and solventless extraction.
Butane Hash Oil
Butane Hash Oil (BHO) extraction is one of the most common methods for producing high-quality cannabis concentrates. In this process, cannabis material is soaked or passed through with butane, a hydrocarbon solvent. This solvent dissolves cannabinoids and terpenes, pulling them away from the plant material. Once extracted, the butane is purged to remove any residual solvent, leaving behind a concentrated, sticky product.
The final product of butane extraction can vary in consistency, ranging from shatter (a glass-like form) to wax or “budder” (a softer, whipped form). BHO extraction is favored for its efficiency and ability to retain a wide spectrum of terpenes, which enhance the flavor and effects of the concentrate.
CO₂ Oil
CO₂ extraction is another popular technique, especially in the medical and recreational cannabis industry, due to its safety and precision. This method uses pressurized carbon dioxide to extract desired compounds. By adjusting the temperature and pressure, CO₂ can act as both a liquid and a gas, effectively extracting cannabinoids and terpenes without the risk of residual solvents.
The final product is a clean, potent concentrate often used in vape cartridges, wax, and oils. CO₂ extraction is highly regarded for its consistency and ability to produce a pure product, free from residual solvents. While it’s more expensive and requires specialized equipment, CO₂ extraction is generally viewed as a more environmentally friendly and consumer-safe method.
Ethanol Extraction
Ethanol extraction is popular for its versatility and safety. In this process, cannabis is soaked in ethanol, which pulls out cannabinoids, terpenes, and other beneficial compounds. The mixture is then filtered and the ethanol evaporated, leaving behind a concentrated substance.
One of the main advantages of ethanol extraction is its ability to produce high-quality, full-spectrum concentrates, which retain a greater number of beneficial compounds compared to some other methods. Ethanol extraction is generally safe and efficient, but additional filtration steps are often required to remove unwanted chlorophyll, which can alter the taste and color of the concentrate.
Solventless Extraction
For those seeking a completely solvent-free option, solventless extraction methods like rosin pressing and ice water extraction are ideal. Rosin pressing involves using heat and pressure to squeeze resinous oils from the cannabis plant, resulting in a product with similar characteristics to BHO but without using any solvents.
Ice water extraction, or bubble hash, involves agitating cannabis in ice-cold water to separate trichomes (resin glands). The trichomes are then collected, dried, and compressed to create a concentrate. These methods preserve the natural flavor profile of the plant and are generally safer and more environmentally friendly.
In short, BHO is the most versatile for producing a variety of textures like shatter, wax, and badder; CO₂ excels at creating oil-based consistencies like sauce and diamonds; propane yields lighter textures such as crumble; ethanol is often used for distillates; and solventless methods provide natural, terpene-rich products like rosin and bubble hash. The extraction method plays a significant role in shaping the consistency, flavor, and purity of the final concentrate, allowing for a wide variety of products to meet diverse preferences.
Indica, Sativa & Hybrid
Cannabinoid Profiles in Cannabis
The effects of cannabis depend more on its chemical composition than its classification as indica, sativa, or hybrid. Cannabinoids like THC and CBD play a significant role in how the body reacts to each strain. For instance, high-THC cannabis may produce euphoric effects, while CBD-rich strains can offer relaxation without intoxication. This variability highlights the importance of understanding a strain’s cannabinoid profile when selecting cannabis for medicinal or recreational use.
Modern Cultivation of Cannabis Strains
Today’s cannabis market is dominated by hybrids, making pure indica and sativa strains increasingly rare. Hybrids combine genetics from both categories to create unique effects and flavors, tailored to meet diverse consumer needs. Cultivators carefully breed cannabis to enhance specific traits, such as terpene profiles or potency. As a result, the distinction between indica and sativa has blurred, making it crucial for cannabis enthusiasts to focus on chemical composition over traditional classifications.
Moving Beyond Cannabis Myths
The traditional classification of cannabis into indica, sativa, and hybrid categories is a simplification of its true complexity. Scientific research shows that a strain’s effects are influenced more by its cannabinoids and terpenes than its physical appearance or lineage. Lab testing offers a reliable way to evaluate the qualities of cannabis, providing consumers with precise information. By focusing on chemical profiles, patients and recreational users can make more informed choices when selecting cannabis products.
Indica
- Appearance: Indica plants are typically shorter and bushier, with wide, dark green leaves.
- Effects: Often associated with relaxing and sedating effects, making them suitable for nighttime use or managing anxiety, pain, and insomnia.
- Terpene Profile: Indicas tend to have earthy, musky, or spicy aromas, often attributed to terpenes like myrcene or linalool.
- Geographic Origin: Native to regions like Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, particularly in the Hindu Kush mountain range.
Sativa
- Appearance: Sativa plants are taller and thinner, with light green, narrow leaves.
- Effects: Known for uplifting, energizing, and cerebral effects, which can enhance creativity and focus. Often recommended for daytime use.
- Terpene Profile: Sativas tend to have fruity, citrusy, or sweet aromas, often due to terpenes like limonene or pinene.
- Geographic Origin: Native to equatorial regions such as Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
